Letter of Credit

Guarantee for lowering risks of purchase / sales transactions

Lower risk for parties involved in purchase / sales transaction
Buyer can receive short-term bank financing (discounting)
Operation regulated by regulations issued by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)

Exchange of goods and services in international market is a rather complex and risky process: goods and financial resources are exchanged outside the borders of the country and is often connected with concerns about whether sellers and buyers are able to respect mutually binding commitments. SEB bank Letter of Credit (as well as Bank Guarantee/Pledge or Documentary Collection) will considerably lower your company import or export deal risks and will provide guarantees to both exporters and importers of goods.

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About
Advantages
Types of Letters of Credit
How does it work
Documents
Price list

In what cases SEB bank Letter of Credit would be necessary

You have a new international business partner and the business relationship has not yet been tested;
Your cooperation partner requests this type of transaction;
You as a seller are not confident about the buyer's ability to pay;
You as a buyer are not confident that the seller will be able to deliver goods;
If legislation of one of the transaction partners – buyer or seller – requires Letter of Credit as a mandatory form of payment;
The objects of the agreement are medium or large projects or goods produced by special order;
Economic or political situation in the country of buyer or seller is unstable;
Transactions are made with partners in distant countries (for instance, China, India, Japan, Korea and others) – countries from which deliveries take relatively long time and you do not have specific knowledge about their traditions, legislation and other nuances;
If goods are appropriate for storage;
Minimal time for making a transaction is one month, average – 3 months, but there are also transactions that can last up to one year.

What is guaranteed by the Letter of Credit

Letter of Credit for both transaction partners – for exporter of goods and for importer of goods – provides a guarantee of payment for goods or services. The payment is being made in exchange for presenting documents confirming the delivery of goods and only when all the obligations, set fourth in the Letter of Credit, have been fulfilled:

The seller has guaranteed payment in exchange for documents that are listed in the Letter of Credit, confirming that the goods have been shipped or services have been provided;
The buyer receives a guarantee that the seller will not receive the payment, if he will fail to ship goods or provide services in accordance with the conditions in the Letter of Credit.

Letter of Credit is a separate transaction, independent of trade or other agreements – all sides involved in Letter of Credit transaction are working only with documents, not goods or services that these documents refer to. The bank undertakes risk about your transaction by issuing a Letter of Credit, therefore the service fee for Letter of Credit will be comparatively more expensive than the alternative – Documentary Collection. Letter of Credit does not exclude other means of payment – you can combine it with the usual order of payments. International transactions practice shows that most often it is the case – for instance, you can include 10% advance payment in the agreement, 70 % payment with Letter of Credit and 20% after payment etc.

Letter of Credit is a secure and internationally recognized form of payment – it is regulated by the regulations of the International Chamber of Commerce "Best Practices for Transitions with Credit Letters (UCP 600, 2007 rev.)".

Letter of Credit advantages, if you are a seller in the transaction

You will receive payment for goods in a timely manner. If you submit all the documents envisaged in the Letter of Credit, the byer's bank is guaranteed to pay out the amount indicated in the Letter of Credit to you. You as a seller are not dependent on the byer's financial situation or the political situation in the payer's country – the bank guarantees making the payment in accordance with the conditions stated in the Letter of Credit.
When using Letter of Credit, you will be able to better manage the company financial flow. You can offer to the buyer to use the delayed payment, and the bank can offer you the discounting of the payment at the time that is best for you.
Read more about Discounting of Letters of Credit

Advantages of Letter of Credit, if you are a buyer in the transaction

Transaction does not require pre-payment (advance).
You will receive goods or services on time. The seller, in order to receive payment, will have to fulfill all conditions set out in the Letter of Credit.

For lowering transaction risks you can choose also other trade financing transactions, for instance, Documentary Collection or Bank Guarantee.

Comparison of Letter of Credit, Bank Guarantee and Documentary Collection

Documentary Collection	Letter of Credit	Bank Guarantee /Pledge
Type of payment	Type of payment	Instrument for limiting risk
Payment for trading documents	Payment for trading documents	Takes place without making a payment
Documents are not returned to the buyer without payment or pledge to pay for goods within a certain time frame	Documents are not returned to the buyer without payment or pledge to pay for goods within a certain time frame	Documents can be requested only in case of guarantee payment
Bank does not have a commitment to pay	Bank has a commitment to pay	Bank has a commitment to pay

What type of Letter of Credit to choose

Letters of Credit for various transactions can differ with the level of security and with the time frame during which the bank takes over the risk of the transaction. Bank specialist will help you choose the most appropriate one for each transaction. Most often used Letters of Credit are:
- Irrevocable Letter of Credit is a payment document that issuing authority cannot revoke or change its conditions without seller's consent. Seller' s bank in this case announces to the seller about opening of Irrevocable Letter of Credit on his behalf, and the announcing bank does not have an obligation to issue payment against documents submitted by the seller.
- Confirmed Irrevocable Letter of Credit is another – confirming bank's – Letter of Credit confirmation for irrevocable obligation (in addition to Letter of Credit issuing authority obligation) to pay for documents, it they are fully correspond to the conditions of the Letter of Credit.
- Transferable Letter of Credit issued in cases, if buyer, seller and mediator are involved in the transaction.
- Stand-by Letter of Credit is a bank guarantee issued in the form of a bank guarantee that operates in accordance with internationally accepted rules of operations with Letters of Credit. Similar to bank Guarantee, Stand-by Letter of Credit is not a form of payment but a guarantee document, confirming that the seller will receive payment, if buyer will settle obligations stated in the Letter of Credit. Most often Stand-by Letter of Credit is used in transactions with the United States, where it serves as an alternative to a bank guarantee.
Letters of Credit can differ also with the form of payment – you can choose the most appropriate payment for your transaction.
- At sight is most often used form of Letter of Credit, when seller can receive payment immediately after submitting documents agreed in the Letter of Credit to the bank, if all conditions of the Letter of Credit are fulfilled.
- By deferred payment means that seller will receive the payment after a certain time period – on the date or term set in the Letter of Credit (and not when submitting documents to the bank). The bank undertakes to pay the payment on a certain term, but the buyer receives documents required by the Letter of Credit before the payment. Most often the Letter of Credit term for transferring the money is set as number of days after receiving documents listed in the Letter of Credit or transportation documents.
- By acceptance means that the bank accepts trats or transportation bill of exchange and thus agrees to pay it in a certain term.
- By negotiation means that the bank buys documents from the client, immediately paying out the money and, in accordance with the Letter of Credit, awaits payment from the Letter of Credit issuing bank.
Possible Letter of Credit types of arrangement:
- Money deposit – Open deposit at the bank;
- Real estate mortgage;
- Company actives commercial pledge;
- Other type of arrangement that is acceptable to the bank.

Buyer and seller conclude a trade agreement, agreeing on delivery of goods, quantity, quality and payment that will be made with a Letter of Credit.
Buyer delegates its bank (issuing bank) to open a Letter of Credit on behalf of seller in accordance with conditions agreed by both parties. Letter of Credit can include in your opinion most important conditions of the transaction – description of goods, price per unit, term of payment and a list of documents that the seller has to submit to the bank. The bank will evaluate your security.
The issuing bank sends the Letter of Credit to announcing bank that usually is located in the country where the seller of goods is registered.
Seller's bank (announcing bank) announces to the seller about the opened Letter of Credit and makes aware of its conditions.
When conditions of the Letter of Credit are received, the seller compares them with the trade agreement, If Letter of Credit does not correspond to the requirements of the agreement, the seller has the right to require changes in the Letter of Credit. Please note that Letter of Credit is a document that cannot be revoked therefore it cannot be cancelled or annulled without agreement from all parties.
If the Letter of Credit corresponds to the requirements of the agreement, the seller sends goods to the buyer and submits documents required in the Letter of Credit to the announcing bank.
Announcing bank checks the submitted documents. If they correspond to the conditions of the Letter of Credit, the bank can pay for them in the form agreed on in the Letter of Credit – by making immediate or deferred payment, by acceptance or by negotiation of Letter of Credit documents.
Announcing bank sends the documents to the issuing bank. After repeated check of the documents the issuing bank makes payment to the announcing bank that makes settlement with the seller.
Issuing bank takes off the respective amount from the buyers account and returns the documents to the buyer, as a result of which the goods are transferred for the use of the buyer.

	In force from	In force to
Irrevocable Letter of credit application	19.04.2019	In force
Provisions for the issue of letters of credit	13.02.2017	In force

Services	Fees
Letter of credit line¹
Processing of the Letter of credit line, increasing the limit	0,5%, min 150.00 EUR
Term prolongation for a Letter of credit line	0,2%, min 150.00 EUR
Other changes to the Letter of credit line agreement upon the customer's request	0,5%, min 50.00 EUR
Import letters of credit
Issue of the Letter of Credit	100.00 EUR
Issuance of a letter of credit within the scope of the Letter of credit line	By agreement, min 70.00 EUR
Preparation and coordination of letter of credit template	By agreement, min 70.00 EUR
Amendment/cancellation of letter of credit	70.00 EUR
Handling and payment of documents	0,20%, min 85.00 EUR
Discrepancy fee	70.00 EUR/ 80.00 USD
Letter of credit utilisation (depending on the type of collateral):
• type of collateral: cash cover in SEB bank	0,2% of the amount of the credit letter, min 50.00 EUR
• another collateral	By agreement
Deferred payment fee	70.00 EUR
Export letters of credit
Preparation and coordination of letter of credit template	By agreement, min 70.00 EUR
Advice of letter of credit	85.00 EUR
Advising of amendment/cancellation/non-utilisation of a letter of credit	70.00 EUR
Preliminary checking of letter of credit documents²	70.00 EUR
Handling and payment of documents	0,20%, min 85.00 EUR
Confirmation of a letter of credit	According to risk
Discounting of documents	According to risk
Preparation/advise of assignment of proceeds	70.00 EUR
Transfer of a letter of credit	0,2%, min 150.00 EUR
Deferred payment fee	70.00 EUR
Additional services
Processing and forwarding information of financial transactions on behalf of the customer	30.00 EUR
Preparation of agreement and collateral agreements in electronic format	Free of charge
Preparation of agreement and collateral agreements in paper format	35.00 EUR
Authorisation to receive goods addressed to the bank	70.00 EUR
Costs of courier services	Actual costs
Commissions charged by correspondent and cooperation banks	Actual costs
Verification of counterparties involved into deal (applicable for deals with high risk countries)³	45.00 EUR

¹ The commission fee must be paid on the day the agreement or amendments are signed.

² The fee is applied in case of more than one document undergo prior inspection.

³ In accordance with the bank’s related internal and external regulations at the moment of verification.